The severity and occurrence of rare events in financial markets has had a fundamental impact on the pricing and risk management of financial derivatives, such as volatility smile curves. However rare event modelling poses a problem in efficient and accurate simulation due to fundamental issues...

The inefficient pricing of the CDS (credit default swap) market has been considered as one of the main causes of the Global Financial Crisis. As price discovery is theoretically related to liquidity, this has been considered a source of mispricing in this over-the-counter market. However the CDS...