deterioration and when an item is out of stock, its demands are partially fulfilled by the other item and all unsatisfied demand is … lost. Each substituted item incurs a cost of substitution and the demands and deterioration is considered to be …

) reserves in manufacturing. One important aspect under-looked in research is the effect of deterioration, where a reserve stock … balance typical economic costs of ordering, holding, and shortage, as well as additional costs of deterioration and preventive … measures. Our main results are showing that (i) deterioration significantly increases cost (up to 5%) and (ii) a preventive …

subject to deterioration. In this article, a mathematical model is formulated to determine the optimal replenishment time and …

the interaction between the retail price and the service level may invert the effect of deterioration rate on the retail … price. The system efficiency of decentralized supply chain increases with market scale, price sensitivity, deterioration … rate, the supplier's cost (including unit production cost, holding cost, and deterioration cost), and service investment …

sensitivity analysis of the demand rate, replenishment rate, deterioration factor and other related parameters show that the … collaboration strategy and the deterioration factor have significantly affected the total profit. …