Theory suggests that firms confront a hold-up problem in dealing with workplace unionism: unions will appropriate a portion of the quasi-rents stemming from long-lived capital. As a result, firms may be expected to limit their exposure to rent-seeking by reducing investments. The U.S. evidence...

This paper uses data from a nationally representative panel of establishments to estimate the effects of German works councils on firm performance, 1997 - 2000. We analyze the impact of this institution on sales and sales growth using OLC and fixed effect estimates of a translog production...