chains – apparel, mobile phones, agrofoods and tourism – based entirely on data published by international institutions … associated with social upgrading, but outside of the tourism sector, social upgrading occurs almost always when economic …

of these demonstrations and attacks on one important industry, namely tourism. Combining a novel, district-level data set … on tourism with data on xenophobic activities, we find that xenophobic demonstrations have negative effects on tourist …

important industry, namely tourism. Combining a novel, district-level data set on tourism in Germany with data on xenophobic … activities, we find that xenophobic demonstrations lead to a decline in tourism numbers. A media analysis on German newspapers …