Based on newly uncovered archival sources as well as archaeological studies, this book offers the first extensive overview of the German trade with the North Atlantic in English. It challenges assumptions about the backwardness of the German North Atlantic trade, and argues that merchants did...

Departing from research on Westphalian leases between 1600 and 1900 the paper discusses the lease market of and price determination on three Westphalian estates. While economic history approaches suppose that leases can be seen as market relations and are therefore useful indicators to measure...