eliminate this bias. Estimates from two large panel datasets from Portugal and Germany show that the bias is empirically …

and productivity developments in Germany, the European Union's periphery countries Greece, Ireland, Portugal, and Spain … growth, also in the low inflationary period of the 2000s. Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain are far from aligning wage …

Portugal over the period 1998 to 2004. During this period the structural primary balance ratio clearly worsened in all … the structural primary expenditure ratio, while the opposite was true for Portugal. The analysis highlights the various …

Portugal. It collects evidence from available studies on each of those countries and also provides new evidence. These studies …

cooperate with foreign partners than non-exporters, whereas in Portugal this is not the case. …

market institutions and macroeconomic outcomes. Portugal occupies an unenviable rank order in such measures of the stringency …' institutional detail on the nature of employment protection in Portugal; and, second, and more substantively, by offering a detailed … analysis of the process of labor djustment in Portugal, benchmarked to other-country experience. The latter exercise – based on …