We present evidence for a highly significant interaction between state dependence in individual unemployment risk and … high unemployment and larger in times of low unemployment. This is consistent with the existence of stigma effects in the … sense that unemployed individuals face difficulties finding a new job because employers interpret unemployment as a negative …

We present evidence for a highly significant interaction between state dependence in individual unemployment risk and … high unemployment and larger in times of low unemployment. This is consistent with the existence of stigma effects in the … sense that unemployed individuals face difficulties finding a new job because employers interpret unemployment as a negative …

' reemployment wages on average, but did not affect wages conditional on unemployment duration. Resulting IV estimates imply … substantial negative effects of unemployment duration on wages of 0.8% per month. …This paper estimates the causal effect of long-term unemployment on wages. Job search theory implies that if …

reservation wages to decrease. The rate at which job offers arrive is constant over the unemployment duration. These findings … these transitions allows the identification of duration dependence in the job offer arrival rate and the wage offer … likelihood. The results show that the presence of significant negative duration dependence in the wage offer distribution causes …