The churches in Germany are analyzed as multiproduct firms. Even though these enterprises raise their revenues in part through the tax system, they find themselves in a crisis: the number of customers is persistently decreasing. Starting with the idea that salvation is a scarce economic good,...

The paper explores the evolution of ethnic identities of two important and distinct immigrant religious groups. Using data from Germany, a large European country with many immigrants, we study the adaptation processes of Muslims and Christians. Individual data on language, culture, societal...