Can a major shock in childhood permanently shape trust? We consider a hunger episode in Germany after WWII and … construct a measure of hunger exposure from official data on caloric rations set monthly by the occupying forces providing … regional and temporal variation. We correlate hunger exposure with measures of trust using data from a nationally …

"During the first decades of the twentieth century, modern states fighting World War I and II for the first time … with waging war. In Europe, starvation claimed more lives than any other weapon of war. As Alice Weinreb shows in Modern … Hungers, nowhere was this more apparent than in Germany, initiator and loser of both wars. The end of armed conflict in 1945 …

We estimate average causal effects of early-life hunger on late-life health by applying instrumental variable … estimation, using data with self-reported periods of hunger earlier in life, with famines as instruments. The data contain …