From the viewpoint of Public Choice theory, the logic of electoral competition makes it difficult for rational, self …-interested politicians to advance unpopular reforms. As political decision-makers have primarily the aim of re-election in mind …

elections, but local politicians from large mainstream parties had the ability to adjust municipal political institutions in …

elections, but local politicians from mainstream parties had the ability to adjust municipal political institutions in such as …

This paper deals with the impact of electoral competition on politicians' outside earnings. In our framework …, politicians face a tradeoff between allocating their time to political effort or to an alternative use generating outside earnings … that politicians facing low competition have substantially higher outside earnings. -- Political competition ; outside …

This paper deals with the impact of electoral competition on politicians' outside earnings. We propose a simple … theoretical model with politicians facing a tradeoff between allocating their time to political effort or to an alternative use … that depend on past election outcomes, we find that politicians facing low competition have substantially higher outside …

This paper deals with the impact of electoral competition on politicians' outside earnings. In our framework …, politicians face a tradeoff between allocating their time to political effort or to an alternative use generating outside earnings … that politicians facing low competition have substantially higher outside earnings …

This paper deals with the impact of electoral competition on politicians' outside earnings. We propose a simple … theoretical model with politicians facing a tradeoff between allocating their time to political effort or to an alternative use … that depend on past election outcomes, we find that politicians facing low competition have substantially higher outside …

differentiation and decentralized decision-making across Member States, can be traced back to politicians' need to balance a variety …