This paper empirically investigates whether individuals withhold a certain amount of cash for precautionary reasons at … the point-of-sale (POS) in order to be able to cover future transactions that might have to be paid for in cash. Such … being settled in cash declines significantly as the amount of cash available at one’s disposal decreases. This indicates …

been used to estimate the national demand for euro banknotes in France, such as key-based calculations (ECB capital …), approaches using average return time of banknotes or extrapolated data from legacy currencies historical trends, methods relying … complements them with two additional methods. First, exportations of banknotes data enable to infer the French national …

In this paper, we analyze the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany within the euro area with several seasonal …

€2 coins. Only in the case of €2 coins has the cash stock held for transaction purposes made a significant contribution … method of determining the demand for this denomination. Given the overall weakness in the growth of the cash held for …. Due to the inadequate data availability, the cash balance held for domestic transactions by sector cannot be fully …

In this paper, we analyze the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany within the euro area with several seasonal … (45%). -- Banknotes ; euro ; foreign demand ; hoarding ; transaction balances …

In this paper, we endeavour to determine the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany that is in circulation outside … Germany. In so doing, we draw a distinction between banknotes outstanding in non-euro-area countries and those that are in … circulation in other euro-area countries. The analysis is based on approaches that estimate the volume of banknotes in circulation …

In this paper, we endeavour to determine the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany that is in circulation outside … Germany. In so doing, we draw a distinction between banknotes outstanding in non-euro-area countries and those that are in … circulation in other euro-area countries. The analysis is based on approaches that estimate the volume of banknotes in circulation …

In this paper, we endeavour to determine the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany that is in circulation outside … Germany. In so doing, we draw a distinction between banknotes outstanding in non-euro-area countries and those that are in … surveys (direct approaches). The observation period runs from 2002 to 2009. We discover that German euro banknotes to a total …