(OCA) criteria. Using the DF-GLS and the CIPS* panel unit root test, RIP is tested for a sample of Euro area and non …

is argued that in a cointegration framework it is reasonable to define hysteresis as the absence of weak exogeneity of …The view that high unemployment in West Germany and other European countries is caused by a path dependence effect - or … hysteresis effect - is quite popular among economists. However, because of an identification problem, much of the empirical …

The geographical distribution and persistence of regional/local unemployment rates in heterogeneous economies (such as … an interest in analysing the dynamic adjustment processes of unemployment and the average degree of dependence of the … current unemployment rates or gross domestic product from the ones observed in the past. In this paper, we present a new …