instruments. Important developments since 2000 include steadily decreasing unemployment rates (since 2005), increasing …

instruments. Important developments since 2000 include steadily decreasing unemployment rates (since 2005), increasing …

Individual unemployment spells are frequently interrupted by short casual employment, by participation in active labour … market policy (ALMP) measures or by periods outside the labour force. Such episodes end unemployment spells but afterwards … problem of being without a "real" job in the longer run. To better grasp this problem of repeated unemployment we analyse …