Health care systems are under reform in many countries. This typically involves a shift towards more competition. But … still, markets are highly regulated. This study analyzes competition and regulatory measures in four important fields using … the modern tools of microeconomic theory and microeconometrics. The book demonstrates how price regulation interacts with …

steer drug demand and to control expenses. For example, they introduce reference pricing or tiered co-payments to enhance … drug substitution and competition. Since 2006, Germany follows an innovative approach by differentiating drug co … potential reductions in co-payments. We refer to the latter result as the "co-payment exemption paradox." Our competition proxy …

A model for residual demand is proposed, which extends structural electricity price models to account for renewable … infeed in the market. Infeed from wind and solar is modelled explicitly and withdrawn from total demand. The methodology … deterministic function of time. The residual demand model is applied to the German day-ahead market. Price trajectories show typical …

market competition. The amount of knowledge firms can absorb from other firms is made dependent on their own research efforts … R&D than non-cooperating firms if spillovers are sufficiently large. Further, market demand and R&D productivity have a … positive effect on R&D efforts both under research joint venture and under research competition. Firms' propensity to …