We advance the literature on political budget cycles by testing separately for cycles in expenditures for elections in … eligibility rules. We find sizable and significant effects in expenditures before council elections and before joint elections …

We advance the literature on political budget cycles by testing separately for cycles in expenditures for elections in … eligibility rules. We find sizable and significant effects in expenditures before council elections and before joint elections …

local council towards direct mayor elections was introduced during a phase-in period from 1993 to 1998. The end of the term … state tier. This e ffect only materializes in the election year which suggests that mayors under the new electoral rule put … more e ffort into grant applications for highly visible infrastructure projects in order to increase their re-election …

In this short note, we use data from different elections in the German state of North-Rhine Westphalia between 1975 and … deal with the endogeneity of voter turnout by using election day rain as an instrumental variable. Our particular … contribution is the comparison of municipal and state elections. …

– systematically adjust lending policies in response to local electoral cycles. The different timing of county elections across states … political connectedness – allow for clean identification of causal effects of county elections on savings banks' lending. These … incumbent party entrenchment and in the contestedness of upcoming elections …

- systematically adjust lending policies in response to local electoral cycles. The different timing of county elections across states … political connectedness - allow for clean identification of causal effects of county elections on savings banks' lending. These … incumbent party entrenchment and in the contestedness of upcoming elections …

We advance the literature on political budget cycles by testing separately for cycles in expenditures for elections in … eligibility rules. We find sizable and significant effects in expenditures before council elections and before joint elections …

We advance the literature on political budget cycles by testing separately for cycles in expenditures for elections in … eligibility rules. We find sizable and significant effects in expenditures before council elections and before joint elections …