portfolios, observed in the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) for these countries. We then show that the … heterogeneity in household finances implies that responses of consumption to changes in the real interest rate and in house prices …

, observed in the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) for these countries. We then show that the heterogeneity in … household finances implies that responses of consumption to changes in the real interest rate and in house prices differ … substantially across countries, and within countries by household characteristics such as age, housing tenure, and asset positions …

, observed in the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) for these countries. We then show that the heterogeneity in … household finances implies that responses of consumption to changes in the real interest rate and in house prices differ … substantially across countries, and within countries by household characteristics such as age, housing tenure, and asset positions …

. This paper uses household-level data from the 'experiment' of German reunification that (exogenously) offered to East …-unification participation of former East and West Germans in financial products, controlling for relevant household characteristics. We vary …

Household access to financial products is often conditioned on previous use. However, banning access when learning is …