sharp rise in inflation. Applied to Germany and the euro area, the model suggests that the surge in inflation has mainly … been caused by commodity price shocks and supply bottlenecks, rather than shortages in the labour market. Inflation … future inflation rates. However, this prediction is based on the assumption that there will be no commodity price shocks and …

The present paper uses survey data on expected consumer price developments to analyse the role of inflation … expectations in the inflation process. The survey measures of price expectations are derived from the European Commission … estimates of the New Keynesian inflation model presented here underscore the importance of inflation expectations for the short …

The aim of the article is to clarify the controversies surrounding the relationship between inflation and unemployment … in the three most economically significant countries in the world (apart from China), namely the United States, Japan … also an increase in inflation. The article, therefore, hypothesises that the relationships between unemployment and …

of monetary policy, for example, and some central banks also use inflation forecasts as intermediate targets. For the …