Research on IPOs commonly focuses on the relation between firms' pre IPO ownership structure and subsequent stock performance. We extend the literature by additionally focusing on companies' post IPO ownership structure, in particular private equity capital engagement, to analyze IPOs stock...

This paper analyzes a comprehensive data set of 160 non venture-backed, 79 venture-backed and 61 bridge financed companies going public at Germany´s Neuer Markt between March 1997 and March 2002. I examine whether these three types of issues differ with regard to issuer characteristics, balance...

Previous estimates of the mean 3-year buy-and hold abnormal returns of German IPO stocks range from -52.20% to 1.66%. It is difficult to justify this significant variation in abnormal returns, given the almost identical calculation procedures and the large overlap in sample periods. We argue...