We propose a new exchange rate model using IRD time series as the input, and we fit the new model with empirical data for calibration. We assume that exchange rate modeling cannot be based on the response to a single shock but must instead be based on the response to a series of shocks, as...

This study inspects if there is greater convergence with Germany amongst the Eurozone founding members and if their relations with the hegemonic economy have been more symmetrical after "euroization". The dimensions explored are those inspired by the optimum currency areas (OCA) framework. To...