This survey reviews models of self-reinforcing mechanisms that cause poverty to persist. Some of them examine market … institutional failure which can, by itself, perpetuate self-reinforcing poverty. A common thread in all these mechanisms is their … reviews recent progress in the empirical poverty trap literature. …

The literature is reviewed on the relationships between population, poverty, and climate change. While developed … countries are largely responsible for global warming, the brunt of the fallout will be borne by the developing world, in lower … agricultural output, poorer health, and more frequent natural disasters. Carbon emissions in the developed world have leveled off …

and non-poor in the developing world. The author estimates that selective mortality-whereby poorer people tend to have … higher death rates-accounts for 10-30 percent of the developing world's trend rate of …