This paper explores the international economic effects of forced labour, namely the linkages of forced labour with comparative advantage (trade) and foreign direct investment flows. It discusses several forms and the prevalence of forced labour and presents the results of empirical tests of...

Dass unsere billigen Konsumangebote eine weniger glitzernde Kehrseite haben, dringt kurz in unser Bewusstsein, wenn wieder mal eine Fabrik z.B. in Bangladesch einstürzt, wo Textilarbeiterinnen zu Hungerlöhnen für den Export produzieren (vgl. H. Holdinghausen: "Dreimal anziehen, weg damit",...

The majority of labor transactions throughout much of history and a significant fraction of such transactions in many developing countries today are "coercive", in the sense that force or the threat of force plays a central role in convincing workers to accept employment or its terms. We propose...