Like the other chapters in this volume of the Handbook of Income Distribution (and its predecessor), the aim of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive review of a particular area of research. We examine the literature on post-1970 trends in poverty and income inequality, up to 2010 or 2011...

We introduce two separate datasets (The Global Consumption Dataset (GCD) and The Global Income Dataset (GID)) containing an unprecedented portrait of consumption and income of persons over time, within and across countries, around the world. The benchmark version of the dataset presents...

This paper makes new estimates of the cost of ending poverty and the global distribution of both the cost and poverty itself. First, the paper discusses definitions of 'ending' poverty, arguing that there is an overemphasis (e.g. SDG 1) on the extreme poverty line which is insufficient for...

This ground-breaking study on the measurement of poverty shows how policy in this field has taken a wrong turn with disastrous results.In recent years, poverty has generally been understood in ‘relative' terms. That is, people are regarded as poor if they earn less than some benchmark relative...

The concept of poverty needs a clear and practical definition. This article examines the basic needs approach as well as the capability approach and compares their key characteristics. They have diverse philosophical underpinnings and thus results in different definition. The former one focuses...

We review the relationship between trade and poverty in less developed countries, surveying both relevant economic theory and empirical evidence. We conclude that, while there certainly are circumstances under which greater trade openness can lead to poverty reduction, these circumstances do not...

Based on governance-related criteria, this article provides an empirical jurimetric verification of how, where, when and why alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms provide efficiency-enhancing channels to redress grievances in less developed countries. Based on data collected in 16...

We evaluate the claim that world consumption poverty has fallen since 1990 in light of alternative assumptions about the extent of initial poverty and the rate of subsequent poverty reduction in China, India, and the rest of the developing world. We use two poverty indicators: the aggregate...

Purpose of this paper is to explore the puzzles, paradoxes and limitation of civil society as a development agent in developing countries especially in Pakistani and Indian contexts. The concept of civil society is not new. In past many thinkers and Philosophers focused their attention to refine...

A libertarian movement that emphasizes free markets to reduce poverty has grown strong in recent years. It views the poor as 'resilient and creative entrepreneurs and value-conscious consumers'. This romanticized view of the poor is far from the truth and harms the poor in two ways. First, it...