perspective, general market access commitments with respect to services trade and commitments regarding government procurement of … Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), it derives insights from a large number of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) that embody … substantive provisions on both government procurement and services trade. An important finding is that, from an economic …

developing countries into the world trading system. We examine the theoretical rationale for SDT when trade liberalization in … reciprocity, can help developing countries to reduce trade barriers and improve their trading prospects …

This study explores the influence of trade policy uncertainty on medical innovation investment in developing nations … from 1980 to 2020, with a focus on the period of COVID-19. We used exogenous and heterogeneous exposure to trade …-policy-uncertainty resolutions from developing countries' trade policy adjustments, which reduced tariff hikes on imported goods in a double …

In response to the widespread use of food safety standards as a tool for restricting international trade, this study … of MRLs implementation. The estimation includes both the seven-countries and the single-country models. As for the former … a clearer picture of the reasons for its enforcement of MRLs; one is with trade restriction motive, while the others are …

counter-cyclical, hidden protectionism due to non-tariff barriers to trade in the United States. …Can the enforcement of product standards be protectionism in disguise? This paper estimates the costs of non … decrease exports to the United States. This trade reducing effect is driven by developing countries and by refusals without any …

does not prove) the existence of counter-cyclical, hidden protectionism due to non-tariff barriers to trade in the United …Are product standards protectionism in disguise? This paper estimates the costs of non-compliance with US product … exports to the United States. This trade reducing effect is driven by developing countries and by refusals without any product …

does not prove) the existence of counter-cyclical, hidden protectionism due to non-tariff barriers to trade in the United …Are product standards protectionism in disguise? This paper estimates the costs of non- compliance with U.S. product … exports to the United States. This trade reducing effect is driven by developing countries and by refusals without any product …

trade rests upon errors, or, if you prefer, upon half-truths.”1 Ever since Adam Smith successfully replaced mercantilist … orthodoxy with free trade doctrine in his celebrated book The Wealth of Nations, free trade critics have repeatedly challenged … the doctrine, offering half-truths to bolster their case. In each instance, free trade advocates have successfully exposed …