. The paper underscores the principles of the poverty focus of social assistance and presents an overview of existence … evidence of first- and second-order effects of social assistance, particularly in the domains of poverty, education, health and …

Poverty maps are a useful tool for the targeting of social programs on areas with high concentrations of poverty …. However, a static focus on poverty ignores the temporal dimension of poverty. Thus, current nonpoor households still face … substantial welfare volatility and are at risk of becoming poor in the face of shocks. We combine the methods of poverty mapping …

household used as startup capital or as additional capital for microenterprise. The microenterprise may be run individually or … impacts on labor supply, but imprecisely estimated null impacts on household income, expenditure, savings, and capital … household welfare. These include a substantial business closure rate, lack of participation among group members in business …

Social transfer programmes in developing countries are designed to contribute to poverty reduction by increasing the … poverty and neediness or whether other factors also have an influence. To investigate these and other research questions, we …