Main description: Der Autor bietet eine umfassende Darstellung des Themas und hat dafür eine erhebliche Menge Spezialliteratur zu den einzelnen Aspekten ausgewertet. Er befaßt sich sowohl mit der vollkommenen Dollarisierung/Euroisierung von Volkswirtschaften (D/E-Systeme) als auch mit...

Foreign exchange reserves (FER), especially dollar assets, are vital for a developing country to maintain economic stability, foster growth, and protect against unexpected amendments. In recent years, particularly since the onset of COVID-19, several emerging countries have experienced...

If emerging markets are to achieve their objective of joining the ranks of industrialized, developed countries, they must use their economic and political influence to support radical change in the international financial system. This working paper recommends John Maynard Keynes's "clearing...

This paper investigates the determinants behind persistent and prolonged stays under the International Monetary Fund (IMF) program and its effectiveness, using panel data consisting of 70 countries that have requested IMF support multiple times, during the period 1980-2018. By employing panel...