Although early risk aversion experiments were designed to detect subject confusion, many recent studies are not, and … distribution of risk aversion in one AER study is statistically indistinguishable from that of confused subjects making choices at … responses imply extremely high levels of risk-loving behavior. Researchers should design to detect confusion, and journals …

in the Nepalese banking sector show more risk aversion than men. Women indeed reported their intention to take less risk … demonstrated more risk aversion than men because they considered themselves to be less knowledgeable about financial markets. Our … findings support the need to educate female investors to increase their confidence in their abilities to succeed in the world …