Recycling waste from used goods can substitute for scarce raw materials and reduce resource dependence. This paper … presents a model of waste collection, recycling and final goods production using raw and recycled materials. Non-recycled waste … must be safely stored by landfill to avoid environmental damage. The costs of waste disposal create externalities. An …

cities - particularly in Africa and Asia - collect less than half of the waste generated. Most wastes are disposed of in open …-income communities and slums lack appropriate waste management services. Given the rapid population growth and urbanization in many … exist in improving the management of waste in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. It is argued that, despite a worsening trend …