The shadow economy has long been an area of research for policymakers. The determinants of underground activity of late …

OECD countries 15.5%. An increased burden of taxation and social security contributions, combined with labour market … in high income countries, but increases corruption in low income countries. Finally, the various estimation methods are … ; regulation ; MIMIC and other estimation methods …

OECD countries 15.5%. An increased burden of taxation and social security contributions, combined with labour market … in high income countries, but increases corruption in low income countries. Finally, the various estimation methods are …

are derived by combining figures from different estimation methods. We describe and discuss the strengths and weaknesses … of the different estimation methods. We find that the growth of the shadow economy which is now remarkably large in the … 76 countries is strongly related to increasing burdens of taxation and social security contributions, as well as to the …

countries 16.3% and in 3 Communist countries 22.3%. An increased burden of taxation and social security contributions, combined … estimation methods are discussed and critically evaluated …

countries 16.3% and in 3 Communist countries 22.3%. An increased burden of taxation and social security contributions, combined … estimation methods are discussed and critically evaluated …

developing countries is 41%, in transition countries 38% and in OECD countries 18.0%. An increasing burden of taxation and social …

developing countries. An increasing burden of taxation and social security contributions combined with rising state regulatory …