All the world’s cocoa is grown in developing countries — more than half in West Africa — essentially for export. Except … in Brazil, Malaysia and Indonesia, it is grown by smallholders. In the international cocoa market, prices rose steeply in … cocoa research, particularly in public research institutions in Brazil and in Africa. In Malaysia the situation is different …

investigated for 20 countries over the period 1995–2015. Estimation results indicated that high corruption increased inflation … is little evidence regarding its impact on inflation. In this study, the nexus between corruption and inflation was … rates, and that there was a unidirectional causal relationship from corruption to inflation for ten countries in the sample. …