. The paper underscores the principles of the poverty focus of social assistance and presents an overview of existence … evidence of first- and second-order effects of social assistance, particularly in the domains of poverty, education, health and …

This paper analyses the effectiveness of tax-benefit systems in reducing poverty and inequality across 13 countries in … to poverty and inequality. Additionally, we assess gender disparities in outcomes, quantify the distributional effects of …

children in the income distributions, and to calculate child poverty prevalence, to assess how far children receive transfers … concentrated in the lower quintiles and have higher child poverty prevalence than for adults, but receive lower social protection … both universal and targeted, anti-poverty, outcomes. Different versions of simple static and purely arithmetic micro …

Using comparable fiscal incidence analysis, this paper examines the impact of fiscal policy on inequality and poverty … targeted at the rich. While fiscal policy always reduces inequality, this is not the case with poverty. Fiscal policy increases … poverty in 4 countries using a US$1.25/day PPP poverty line, in 8 countries using a US$2.50/day line, and in 15 countries …

and poverty. Net direct and indirect taxes combined reduce the Gini coefficient by 0.0644 points and the headcount ratio … the elimination of energy subsidies. The main reduction in poverty occurs in rural areas, where the headcount ratio … declines from 44 to 23 percent. In urban areas, fiscally-induced poverty reduction is more modest: the headcount ratio declines …