TRIPs Agreement introduced intellectual property rights (IPRs) into the multilateral trading system for the first time … during the Uruguay Round of world trade negotiations. However, TRIPs is at crossroad, pushed by one force from developed … countries calling for higher standard of IPRs and the other for integrating more social development concerns. Should TRIPs and …

the approach of the rules developed under the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Properties(TRIPs) agreement, balances …

Doha Declaration further clarified and reaffirmed the existing TRIPS flexibilities. This paper argues that India has taken …-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement), however, included a number of public health flexibilities in order … the lead role in enacting the TRIPS Agreement's substantive and procedural patent flexibilities by introducing unique …

The major bone of contention between the developed and developing countries in the TRIPS negotiations was patents for … pharmaceuticals. The US-led developed countries bloc argued in favour of patents for pharmaceuticals amidst opposition from Brazil …, India and other countries. Ample evidence, including patented AZT for HIV/AIDS treatment, showed that patents could make …

This WTO working paper studies availability and affordability of new and innovative pharmaceuticals in a post-TRIPS era …. The WTO's TRIPS Agreement (TRIPS) makes it obligatory for WTO members − except least-developed country members (LDCs) - to … to be compliant with this provision of TRIPS by 2005. This study investigates two questions in this context: (1) How does …