Border tax adjustments (BTAs) may be able to alleviate concerns of reduced competitiveness for countries introducing environmental taxes and standards, while limiting the risk of companies relocating to developing countries to exploit lax environmental regimes - known as leakage. However, the...

Environmental justice is a notion coined in the U.S. in an attempt to protect the environments of minorities whose neighbourhoods had been used to store hazardous waste. Attempts have been made to evolve this concept on a global scale to protect the environments of periphery nations around the...

This volume builds upon previous research on sustainable development in international trade law and policy, published in Sustainable Development in World Trade Law. The volume's goal is to analyse the state of international investment law through the lens of sustainable development and to...

The Parties to the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) recognize the need for developed countries to reduce emissions but that these measures — known as response measures — could negatively impact developing economies and impede sustainable development efforts. Developing...

The right to health has been repeatedly recognized as one of the core human rights, essential for human functioning, human dignity, economic well-being, and development. But the right to health continues to elude hundreds of millions and with Covid-19, perhaps billions of people. Poverty remains...

UNDP first drew attention to the utility of competition law in health care as a tool to facilitate and promote access to health technologies in 2014. It published ‘Using Competition Law to Promote Access to Health Technologies: A guidebook for low- and middle-income countries’ (the...

Cases involving climate change have been litigated in the courts for some time, but new directions and trends have started to emerge. While the majority of climate litigation has occurred in the United States and other developed countries, cases in the Global South are growing both in terms of...

The food crisis of 2008, the subsequent financial crisis, and the ongoing climate crisis have created new challenges to the attainment of global food security. This essay examines the historic and current practices that have contributed to food insecurity in developing countries, and recommends...

The recent years have seen an increase in tension over the interface between trade and environmental regulations, particularly because of the use of environmental measures to gain trade advantage. This debate centres to a large extent around the concerns of the developing countries, whose...

This article enumerates and evaluates key criticisms that are directed at the multilateral development banks ("MDBs") - that is, the World Bank and the four regional development banks. Some of the criticisms are substantive in character, claiming that the MDBs impose inappropriate policies and...