welfare and poverty rates through job losses, labor income changes, and non-labor (remittance) income changes during 2020 in … or consumption across the distribution, a decline in the middle class, and increased poverty, but no other clear pattern …

. The paper underscores the principles of the poverty focus of social assistance and presents an overview of existence … evidence of first- and second-order effects of social assistance, particularly in the domains of poverty, education, health and …

rising average attendance, while inequality in completion rates or schooling years increases with rising completion rates or … initial inequality in education. At the regional level, educational progress was generally more pro-poor in Asia and Latin … America, while in Africa the experience is very heterogeneous. While gender inequality has decreased slightly, large …

Martin Ravallion ("Why Don't We See Poverty Convergence?" American Economic Review, 102(1): 504-23; 2012) presents … evidence against the existence of proportionate convergence in global poverty rates despite convergence in household mean … income levels and the link between income growth and poverty reduction. We show that heterogeneity in this link affects the …