Introduction. Transitional economies ; This report -- The macroeconomy -- Oil and natural gas : prices, production, and exports -- Markets and reform -- International transactions -- Russian military spending -- Conclusions and implications

This report is intended to inform policymakers of the aims, scope and changing dynamics in the complex and evolving defence and security relationship between Kazakhstan and Russia. This analysis will also prove of interest to any specialist or student of the development of Central Asia generally...

The paper explores technological collaboration between the French and Indian Atomic Energy Commissions, using new archival documents to expose how shared opposition to U.S. information censorship and the desire to preserve foreign policy independence fostered nuclear collaboration between the...

The diversion of development aid to the recipient's military may be one explanation why aid is often found to be ineffective in promoting economic growth and development. Previous studies have not derived the causal effects of development aid on military expenditure. Using a new instrumental...

The diversion of development aid to the recipient’s military may be one explanation why aid is often found to be ineffective in promoting economic growth and development. Previous studies have not derived the causal effects of development aid on military expenditure. Using a new instrumental...

Using a new instrumental variable strategy, we examine whether bilateral development aid increases military expenditure in recipient countries. The instrument is the interaction of donor government fractionalization and the probability of receiving aid. The dataset includes new data on military...