Introduction: a golden pendulum -- Context for credit : a setting at the source of the Nile -- Three faces of the loan : charity, usury-- and fantasy -- Plans and dreams : an integrated approach on paper -- Lenders and lineages : nepotism as loyalty -- Untying a package deal : borrowing green...

International aid is often analysed as if it was a homogeneous product exclusively distributed between a relatively small numbers of public agencies. In contrast, this paper contributes to thinking about aid as a quasi-market with many different suppliers, users, channels, products and brands....

Forced displacement, including refugee flows, is a global phenomenon. As of 2018, 26 million people were refugees. Financing from the international community makes a significant contribution to supporting refugees and host communities. But in order to meet those needs effectively and...

Japan has an impressive history when it comes to aid, industrial policy, and infrastructure development, both as a country that saw meteoric development of its own, and as a country that has been one of the world's largest donors for decades. Looking towards an uncertain future in which...