) arbitrage opportunities among spot currency exchange rates in a foreign exchange market. We obtain sufficient conditions for … excluding the triangular arbitrage opportunities in a market with or without market frictions, i.e. transaction costs. Then we … propose a very efficient computational approach not only to detect triangular arbitrage opportunities in real time but also to …

Short lived arbitrage opportunities arise when prices adjust with a lag to new information. They are toxic because they … expose dealers to the risk of trading at stale quotes. Hence, theory implies that more frequent toxic arbitrage opportunities … triangular arbitrage. As predicted, illiquidity is higher on days when the fraction of toxic arbitrage opportunities and …

. Our results are robust after controlling for transaction costs, reversals and alternative limits to arbitrage. The global …

as periods in which substantial deviations from arbitrage parities take place. In particular, we focus on deviations from … the triangular arbitrage parity for exchange rate triplets from a cointegration perspective. Due to increasing attention … fiat currencies. We do not find evidence for substantial deviations from the triangular arbitrage parity when only …

as periods in which substantial deviations from arbitrage parities take place. In particular, we focus on deviations from … the triangular arbitrage parity for exchange rate triplets from a cointegration perspective. Due to increasing attention … fiat currencies. We do not find evidence for substantial deviations from the triangular arbitrage parity when only …