The financial crisis of 2008-09 has cast palpable doubt on the relevance of the current legal framework governing trade in services for financial crisis prevention and management. The crisis revealed the limited utility and effectiveness of services trade law in dealing adequately with the...

This short paper examines the recent WTO Panel Report in a dispute brought by the US against a series of Chinese measures imposed on suppliers of electronic payment services (EPS). Such measures amounted to a discriminatory treatment in favour of the Chinese EPS supplier, China UnionPay Co.,...

The conclusion of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) constitutes a priority and key component of the external trade policy of the European Union (EU). It is also an immediate follow-up to several years of regulatory cooperation between the two global trade powers. In an...

The only partial completion of the EU internal market for services has arguably been one of the important stumbling blocks in unleashing economic growth throughout the Union. While being regarded as an outlier for decades, the freedom to provide services came to the forefront after a series of...

The GATS is regarded as a development-friendly WTO agreement and Article XIX lies at the heart of this pro-development efforts. This contribution offers a comprehensive analysis of this provision and critically deals with concepts that have not been tested by the WTO judiciary

This contribution is the most comprehensive treatise to date of the GATS market access provision. The authors analyze several contentious issues under GATS in an exhaustive manner and provide guidance as to the adequate interpretation of various concepts

This contribution aims to provide an authoritative interpretation of one of the most important GATS provisions, namely the General Exceptions provisions. Drawing parallels with relevant interpretations under the GATT and critically assessing relevant case-law under both GATT and GATS allows the...