Three results are presented: First, we solve the problem of persistence of dissipation for reduction of kinetic models. Kinetic equations with thermodynamic Lyapunov functions are studied. Uniqueness of the thermodynamic projector is proven: There exists only one projector which transforms any...

Protein folding is often depicted as a motion along descending paths on a free energy landscape that results in a concurrent decrease in the conformational entropy of the polypeptide chain. However, to provide a description that is consistent with other natural processes, protein folding is...