When is one distribution (of income, consumption, or some other economic variable) more equal or better than another? This question has proven difficult to answer in situations where distribution functions intersect and no unambiguous ranking can be attained without introducing weaker criteria...

In this paper we provide a review of copula theory with applications to finance. We illustrate the idea on the bivariate framework and discuss the simple, elliptical and Archimedean classes of copulae. Since the copulae model the dependency structure between random variables, next we explain the...

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to introduce a new method of estimating risk as an alternative to value at risk (VaR), drawing on the risk assessment literature in environmental science. Design/methodology/approach – A commonly used and accepted measure of market risk is VaR,...