. Nevertheless the low market participation of most smallholders in the country remains a fact. We employ semi-parametric regression … techniques to analyze the current state of market participation and production diversification and to identify the determinants … commercial specialization. The result is a U-shaped relationship between commercialization and diversification. …

-led. Survival-led diversification would decrease inequality by increasing the incomes of poorer households and thus reduce poverty …. By contrast, opportunity-led diversification would increase inequality and have a minor effect on poverty, as it tends to … diversification strategies. Yet, the poverty and inequality implications differ somewhat from our expectations. Our findings indicate …

-led. Survival-led diversification would decrease inequality by increasing the incomes of poorer households and thus reduce poverty …. By contrast, opportunity-led diversification would increase inequality and have a minor effect on poverty, as it tends to … diversification strategies. Yet, the poverty and inequality implications differ somewhat from our expectations. Our findings indicate …

In the debate of sustainable rural livelihoods, diversification is seen as a way to secure incomes and to increase food …) diversification in agricultural production is not sufficient for securing rural livelihoods in Kakamega District; (2) a sufficient … income diversification depends heavily on requirements like access to education, infrastructure, as well as investment …