Recent empirical studies argue that the implementation of quality standards among agricultural exporters has the character of a fixed cost. However, this can be misleading if fixed costs are only understood in terms of required investments. Instead, we argue that standard adoption is the result...

Since the coronavirus pandemic and Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, faltering globalisation and logistics problems have been challenging the agricultural and food industry. EU production and trade developments are presented and the possible consequences for EU agricultural policy...