An important class of models for macroscopic dynamic network loading (DNL) and dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) is based on treating link travel times as a function of link occupancy. However, these models suffer from some problems or deficiencies namely (a) the link outflows can violate...

In traffic assignment models with time-varying flows (dynamic network loading or dynamic traffic assignment), overtaking behaviour is normally not included in the model and, in that case, it is important that the model at least approximates first-in–first-out (FIFO), to prevent deviations from...

In this paper we present a continuous-time network loading procedure based on the Lighthill–Whitham–Richards model proposed by Lighthill and Whitham (1955) and Richards (1956). A system of differential algebraic equations (DAEs) is proposed for describing traffic flow propagation, travel...

A macroscopic loading model applicable to time-dependent and congested pedestrian flows in public walking areas is proposed. Building on the continuum theory of pedestrian flows and the cell transmission model for car traffic, an isotropic framework is developed that can describe the...