In this paper we present a continuous-time network loading procedure based on the Lighthill–Whitham–Richards model proposed by Lighthill and Whitham (1955) and Richards (1956). A system of differential algebraic equations (DAEs) is proposed for describing traffic flow propagation, travel...

In this paper, we consider dynamic congestion pricing in the presence of demand uncertainty. In particular, we apply a robust optimization (RO) approach based on a bi-level cellular particle swarm optimization (BCPSO) to optimal congestion pricing problems when flows correspond to dynamic user...