economic success goes both ways. Using data on the study of foreign languages during compulsory education in European countries …

education over the working life of individuals. We find evidence that employees with tertiary education have steeper experience … profiles than employees with upper secondary or compulsory education. Hence, education provides not only an initial labor … in earnings growth by education are lower in countries with a higher level of corporatism and higher in countries which …

on the skills premium and does accession to the European Union have an impact on the returns to education? The returns to … education in 28 transition and 20 non-transition countries in Europe and Central Asia are analyzed using panel data analysis and …

provide detailed estimates of the returns to education. Our results can be summarized as follows. Firstly, average returns to … education have been mostly stable during the second half of the 1990s and are highest in Portugal and Ireland and lowest in the … implying lower returns to education for younger cohorts. Fourthly, in most countries schooling exerts a significantly stronger …