trade dispute. In the early 1990s, Japan faced sluggish economic growth and low inflation, as well as severe structural …Low inflation hit the Japanese economy shortly after the burst of the bubble in stocks and real estate in 1991 and has … operational independence and the lessons learnt from Japan's bubble experience, meanwhile, the Bank of Japan (BOJ) was granted …

Inflation in advanced economies is low by historical standards but there is no threat of deflation. Slower economic … growth is caused by supply-side constraints rather than low inflation. Below-the-target inflation does not damage the … reputation of central banks. Thus, central banks should not try to bring inflation back to the targeted level of 2%. Rather, they …