In this article assumptions and forecasts of contradictory manifestos of economists Eurosceptics versus Euro-optimists are confronted with reality. Some of the major findings are: (1) The convergence criteria were not applied exactly and strictly as politicians have postulated in advance but...

We use the method of indirect inference, using the bootstrap, to test the Smets and Wouters model of the EU against a VAR auxiliary equation describing their data. We find that their model generates excessive variance compared with the data. But their model fits the dynamic facts quite well if...

The standard Walrasian equilibrium theory requires that the marginal value product of production factor such as labor is equal across firms and industries. However, productivity dispersion is widely observed in the real economy. Search theory allegedly fills this gap by encompassing apparent...