This paper looks at the question of direct participation in cyber hostilities under the international law of armed conflict, or international humanitarian law (IHL) as it is also known. The paper examines the history and development of the concept of direct participation in hostilities by...

The concern with “digital sovereignty” is animating heated political discussions around the world. However, the emphasis on autonomy tends to underestimate the extent to which major economies rely on digital technologies from abroad. Decades of neoliberal deregulation, trade, and...

The adoption of a Global Digital Compact (GDC) as one of the outcomes of the Summit of the Future opens up the opportunity to address in a systematic manner issues that are of critical importance for the digital global governance. It also poses a challenge to developing countries, as most of...