The WTO Government Procurement Agreement signed on 1994 (GPA 1994) is currently undertaking a revision as provided for by Art.XXIV:7(b) and (c), intended to improve and simplify the Agreement, expand its coverage and eliminate discriminatory measures and practices. Underlying such review is the...

Recent case law suggests that the European courts are rethinking their position in respect of international law. On the one hand, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) is extending its case law on the WTO, denying ‘direct effect' to all of its provisions, to other major international treaties,...

This paper highlights macroeconomic issues pertinent to the understanding of the international and domestic effects of international VAT harmonization. It outlines elements of the policies of VAT harmonization envisaged for Europe of 1992, and develops a basic tax model which is suitable for the...

This paper considers the question of under what circumstances a new environmental regulation should "phase in" gradually over time, rather than being immediately implemented at full force. The paper focuses particularly on climate policy, though its insights are more general. It shows that while...

This paper examines the concept of Reciprocal Trade Liberalization – the common objective of Economic Partnership Agreements, and its legal and economic effect on Kenya's Agricultural Sector/Industry within the purview of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). The study is premised...

The paper conducts a critical review on the issue of applicable law in cross-border securities transactions, focusing on the issue of interests in securities in cross-border exchanges. We present the European regulatory framewrok and the european efforts for the harmonisation of the applicable...

Banks are in the business of taking calculated risks. Expanding the geographic footprint of an organization's profit-making activities changes the geographic pattern of its exposure to loss in ways that are hard for regulators and supervisors to observe. This paper tests and confirms the...