inuencing energy prices and costs such as developments in global energy markets, the EU ETS and the promotion of renewables …. Analysing energy costs (prices times quantity) instead of prices has the advantage of taking into account quantity adjustments …. However, it does not allow for monitoring the burden which energy costs pose on firms. For this purpose, both the European …

macroeconomic volatilities. In our subsequent empirical estimations, we find that higher labor turnover costs have a statistically … theory. While labor market institutions have a large effect on output volatility, they do not seem to have much of an effect … and inflation volatility ; labor turnover costs ; unemployment benefits ; unemployment ; eurozone …

macroeconomic volatilities. In our subsequent empirical estimations, we find that higher labor turnover costs have a statistically … theory. Real wage rigidities do not seem to play much of a role. This result is in line with our employed labor market model … ; macroeconomic volatility ; monetary policy ; firing costs ; unemployment benefits ; replacement rate …