The orthodox rationale for labour standards provisions in EU free trade agreements (FTAs) finds its origin in the EU’s ambition to promote human rights abroad, especially in developing and least developed countries. Based on this understanding, legal and empirical evaluations of labour...

This paper documents the emergence and growth of digital labour markets in Eastern Europe. It shows that the development of two types of digital work – online work through online labour platforms and offline work mediated by mobile apps – have a different history, root causes and dynamics....